UGV, Handheld

RGBD-SLAM

RGB-D SLAM

Indoor RGB-D SLAM dataset for ground-robot and hand-held platforms.

Metadata: Complete Metadata source documented Released 2012

Quick facts

Vehicle type
UGV, Handheld
Environment
Indoor
Data origin
Real-world
Sensor count
2
Ground truth
Available
Calibration
Full Raw Calibration Data
Annotations
Not reported

Sensor overview

High-level sensor availability before the detailed sensor records below.

Ground truth

Reference scope, method, rate, coverage, and provenance.

Ground-truth references for RGBD-SLAM
Scope Method Reference system Count Rate Coverage Reference provenance
External
Measured using equipment independent of the platform’s normal onboard sensor pipeline.
Derived
Computed primarily from the dataset’s own recorded sensors.
Hybrid
Combines independent reference equipment with onboard measurements.
6DoF Motion capture MotionAnalysis · Raptor-E 8 cameras 100 Hz Partial · Motion Capture Volume Reference provenance
External
Measured using equipment independent of the platform’s normal onboard sensor pipeline.
Derived
Computed primarily from the dataset’s own recorded sensors.
Hybrid
Combines independent reference equipment with onboard measurements.
External
Accuracy and notes
Accuracy notes
MotionAnalysis tracking provides sub-centimeter and sub-degree pose accuracy.
Reference notes
The Raptor-E hardware supports rates up to 300 Hz, while the released ground-truth trajectory was recorded at 100 Hz. Ground truth is absent from the middle of long sequences that leave the capture area.

Calibration and synchronization

Reported calibration level, reproducibility signals, and supporting notes.

Level
Full Raw Calibration Data
Processed parameters
Available
Raw calibration data
Available
Calibration targets
checkerboard

Reproducible calibration data

Raw calibration data is reported, so users can reproduce or inspect the calibration process.

Notes

Camera intrinsics, depth-scale correction, Kinect-to-motion-capture extrinsics, timing alignment, and dedicated RGB, infrared, depth, and extrinsic calibration sequences are provided.

Known or intentional limitations

Reported constraints and characteristics to check before using the dataset.

The Kinect RGB camera uses a rolling shutter and can distort images during motion.

RGB and depth images retain an approximately 20 ms relative delay and must be associated by timestamp.

Kinect depth noise is approximately 1 cm through 2 m and increases to approximately 5 cm at 4 m.

Long industrial-hall trajectories leave the motion-capture volume, so ground truth exists only near their beginning and end.

Cameras

rgb-d

Model
Microsoft Xbox Kinect
Setup
Rgbd
Count
1
Effective cameras
2
Modality
Rgbd
Resolution
640 x 480
Rate
30 Hz
Shutter
Rolling
Lens type
Not Reported
HFOV
Not reported
VFOV
Not reported
Notes
The rolling shutter applies to the RGB camera. Depth images are registered to the RGB optical frame using the Kinect factory calibration.

IMUs

Not reported

GNSS

Not reported

LiDAR

Not reported

Additional sensors

Other sensor

Name
Kinect accelerometer
Count
1
Rate
500 Hz
Notes
Released three-axis accelerometer measurements; the paper does not report a gyroscope stream.

Annotations

Reported annotation availability and task support.

Availability
Not reported
Format
Not reported
Class count
Not reported
Semantic segmentation Not reported
Instance segmentation Not reported
Object detection Not reported
Optical flow Not reported
Depth ground truth Not reported

Citation

Citation key and BibTeX kept at the end of the page for reference.

Citation key
Sturm2012

BibTeX

@inproceedings{Sturm2012,
  title = {A Benchmark for the Evaluation of {{RGB-D SLAM}} Systems},
  booktitle = {2012 {{IEEE}}/{{RSJ International Conference}} on {{Intelligent Robots}} and {{Systems}}},
  author = {Sturm, Jrgen and Engelhard, Nikolas and Endres, Felix and Burgard, Wolfram and Cremers, Daniel},
  year = {2012},
  month = oct,
  pages = {573--580},
  publisher = {{IEEE}},
  address = {{Vilamoura-Algarve, Portugal}},
  doi = {10.1109/IROS.2012.6385773},
  urldate = {2023-10-04},
  isbn = {978-1-4673-1736-8 978-1-4673-1737-5 978-1-4673-1735-1}
}

Dataset corrections

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