Automotive, UAV, Quadruped

M3ED

Event-based robotic perception

Synchronized stereo event, grayscale, RGB, inertial, LiDAR and RTK recordings from cars, UAVs and Spot across urban, indoor and forest settings, with derived pose, depth and semantic labels.

Metadata: Complete Metadata needs review

Quick facts

Vehicle type
Automotive, UAV, Quadruped
Environment
Indoor, Outdoor
Data origin
Real-world
Sensor count
8
Ground truth
Available
Calibration
Partial Raw Data
Annotations
Available

Sensor overview

High-level sensor availability before the detailed sensor records below.

Ground truth

Reference scope, method, rate, coverage, and provenance.

Ground-truth references for M3ED
Scope Method Reference system Count Rate Coverage Reference provenance
External
Measured using equipment independent of the platform’s normal onboard sensor pipeline.
Derived
Computed primarily from the dataset’s own recorded sensors.
Hybrid
Combines independent reference equipment with onboard measurements.
Not reported LiDAR SLAM FasterLIO Not reported Not reported Full Reference provenance
External
Measured using equipment independent of the platform’s normal onboard sensor pipeline.
Derived
Computed primarily from the dataset’s own recorded sensors.
Hybrid
Combines independent reference equipment with onboard measurements.
Derived
Accuracy notes
Observed 2 m drift over one 800 m interval between revisits; not a collection-wide accuracy bound.
Reference notes
Uses the released measurement stack, including GPS-denied scenes.
Other LiDAR SLAM FasterLIO projection with hidden-point removal Not reported Not reported Unknown Reference provenance
External
Measured using equipment independent of the platform’s normal onboard sensor pipeline.
Derived
Computed primarily from the dataset’s own recorded sensors.
Hybrid
Combines independent reference equipment with onboard measurements.
Derived
Reference notes
Accumulated velocity-corrected LiDAR projections, with hidden-point removal to reduce visibility artifacts.

Calibration and synchronization

Reported calibration level, reproducibility signals, and supporting notes.

Level
Partial Raw Data
Processed parameters
Available
Raw calibration data
Available
Calibration targets
AprilTag

Reproducible calibration data

Raw calibration data is reported, so users can reproduce or inspect the calibration process.

Notes

Announced calibration sequences include camera-LiDAR, camera intrinsics/extrinsics and camera-IMU. Precomputed all-sensor extrinsics and camera intrinsics are supplied. LiDAR rotation is refined per sequence.

Known or intentional limitations

Reported constraints and characteristics to check before using the dataset.

Compact 12 cm baseline limits single-frame driving depth quality.

UAV camera and LiDAR overlap covers only the top half of the image.

Soft mounting can alter camera-LiDAR extrinsics slightly during a sequence.

Pose references are estimated and can drift; 2 m drift was observed over an 800 m interval.

Cameras

ovc-grayscale

Model
OVC 3b AR0144
Setup
Stereo
Count
1
Effective cameras
2
Modality
Grayscale
Resolution
1280 x 800
Rate
Not reported
Shutter
Global
Lens type
Not Reported
HFOV
Not reported
VFOV
Not reported
Notes
12 cm stereo baseline.

ovc-rgb

Model
OVC 3b AR0144
Setup
Mono
Count
1
Effective cameras
1
Modality
Rgb
Resolution
1280 x 800
Rate
Not reported
Shutter
Not Reported
Lens type
Not Reported
HFOV
Not reported
VFOV
Not reported

prophesee-event

Model
Prophesee EVKv4
Setup
Stereo
Count
1
Effective cameras
2
Modality
Event
Resolution
1280 x 720
Rate
Not reported
Shutter
Not Reported
Lens type
Not Reported
HFOV
Not reported
VFOV
Not reported
Notes
IMX636 sensors; event-rate controller disabled and bias held constant across sequences. Observed forest throughput is not a camera frame rate.

IMUs

OVC 3b IMU

Model
VectorNav VN100T-SMD
Count
1
Accel / gyro
Not reported

GNSS

UBlox ZED-F9P

Model or name
UBlox ZED-F9P
Count
1
Rate
5 Hz
GNSS type
RTK
Position output
Available
Velocity output
Not reported
Heading output
Not reported

LiDAR

Ouster OS1-64U

Model or name
Ouster OS1-64U
Count
1
Dimensions
Not reported
Rate
Not reported
Channels
64
Range
Not reported

Radar

Not reported

Pitot tube

Not reported

Additional sensors

Not reported

Annotations

Reported annotation availability and task support.

Availability
Available
Format
Not reported
Class count
11
Semantic segmentation Available
Instance segmentation Not reported
Object detection Not reported
Optical flow Not reported
Depth ground truth Available

Citation

Citation key and BibTeX kept at the end of the page for reference.

Citation key
Not reported

BibTeX

Not reported

Dataset corrections

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